Plastics refer to a wide collection of materials, both semi-synthetic and synthetic organic compounds, which are moldable and malleable into solid items. Typically, plastics are organic polymer containing high molecular masses, but they may contain other substances too. Most are synthetic derivatives from petrochemicals, but some are natural partially. Plastics manufacturing is relatively cheap and easy. Additionally, the substances are impervious and versatile.
The use of plastics in the production of products is growing at an exponential rate owing to the many advantages that the materials present to manufacturers. The uses range from making spaceships to making toys for babies. Many of the materials that have traditionally dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, glass, bone, wood, metal, paper, horn, stone, and ceramic are being replaced very fast.
In highly developed nations, plastics are used to make about a third of all packaging materials while another third makes building materials. Other industries that make heavy use of the material are furniture, automobile, and toys. The extent of use of plastic varies a lot in developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations. However, developing nations are picking up the speed, closing the gap with their developed counterparts. The medical field also finds huge use for this material.
Today, different products are made from different types of plastics. Among the commonest types of plastic materials available include polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonates, low-density polyethylene, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyamides. The manufacture of fibers and textiles is done from polyester. Polyethylene terephthalate makes bottles for carbonated drinks, microwavable packaging, plastic films, and peanut butter jars.
Polyethylene is used to make a wide range of inexpensive products. For instance, it is utilized to make plastic bottles and supermarket bags. Plumbing pipes, shower curtains, flooring, window frames, and guttering are made from polyvinyl chloride. Most food packaging materials are made from polyvinylidene chloride. Polycarbonate also abbreviated as PC is used to make riot shields, eyeglasses, traffic lights, security windows, compact discs, and lenses. Some plastics are used to make more than one class of products.
The organic chemistry of polymers making up a certain plastic is the basis for the description of its characteristics. Common characteristics include heat resistance, oxidation, hardness, organic solvents, ionizing radiation, and density among others. There are methods that can be used to make plastic electrically conductive. Even so, they only conduct electricity to a small extent compared to metals.
Pure plastics are only toxic to a very low level. This is because they are biochemically inert and they do not dissolve in water. The large molecular weights are responsible for biochemical inertness. Toxicity in products manufactured from plastic usually results from the additives added into the material. The leaching activity of the additives are responsible for toxicity.
The toxicity level in some products has forced some countries to enact laws concerning the use of additives. Plastic has a very slow rate of degradation. The slow rate of decomposition results from their chemical composition.
The use of plastics in the production of products is growing at an exponential rate owing to the many advantages that the materials present to manufacturers. The uses range from making spaceships to making toys for babies. Many of the materials that have traditionally dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, glass, bone, wood, metal, paper, horn, stone, and ceramic are being replaced very fast.
In highly developed nations, plastics are used to make about a third of all packaging materials while another third makes building materials. Other industries that make heavy use of the material are furniture, automobile, and toys. The extent of use of plastic varies a lot in developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations. However, developing nations are picking up the speed, closing the gap with their developed counterparts. The medical field also finds huge use for this material.
Today, different products are made from different types of plastics. Among the commonest types of plastic materials available include polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonates, low-density polyethylene, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyamides. The manufacture of fibers and textiles is done from polyester. Polyethylene terephthalate makes bottles for carbonated drinks, microwavable packaging, plastic films, and peanut butter jars.
Polyethylene is used to make a wide range of inexpensive products. For instance, it is utilized to make plastic bottles and supermarket bags. Plumbing pipes, shower curtains, flooring, window frames, and guttering are made from polyvinyl chloride. Most food packaging materials are made from polyvinylidene chloride. Polycarbonate also abbreviated as PC is used to make riot shields, eyeglasses, traffic lights, security windows, compact discs, and lenses. Some plastics are used to make more than one class of products.
The organic chemistry of polymers making up a certain plastic is the basis for the description of its characteristics. Common characteristics include heat resistance, oxidation, hardness, organic solvents, ionizing radiation, and density among others. There are methods that can be used to make plastic electrically conductive. Even so, they only conduct electricity to a small extent compared to metals.
Pure plastics are only toxic to a very low level. This is because they are biochemically inert and they do not dissolve in water. The large molecular weights are responsible for biochemical inertness. Toxicity in products manufactured from plastic usually results from the additives added into the material. The leaching activity of the additives are responsible for toxicity.
The toxicity level in some products has forced some countries to enact laws concerning the use of additives. Plastic has a very slow rate of degradation. The slow rate of decomposition results from their chemical composition.
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