Water wells refer to excavation in the ground that are meant to provide access to groundwater for domestic as well as commercial use. Excavation of wells is done through various methods such as driving, boring, digging, and drilling. The choice of method is determined by various factors such as cost and type of well that is intended to be dug. When in need of some of the most experienced water well drillers West Texas is the best location to check out.
The history of wells is a long one. They have existed for almost as long as human beings. The first types were shallow and extended to short distances from the surface. However, as technology got better, methods of excavation became better too. Modern methods are very complex. They are more efficient, convenient, and simpler.
Classification of wells basing on the method used to excavate them places them into three main groups, that is, driven, dug, and drilled wells. The most traditional type is the dug wells. These wells are dug by hand and are more common in rural areas because they are inexpensive. Driven wells are more advanced and extend deeper than dug varieties.
Besides classifying wells according to the method of excavation, they can also be classified according to the type of aquifer they are located in. Under this classification, there are two main classes of wells, that is, shallow/unconfined and deep/confined wells. Wells that only extend to the topmost aquifer are called shallow while those that extend to deeper aquifers are called deep. Deeper aquifers are often located in between impermeable rock strata.
Another way of categorizing wells depends on the purpose the excavation is put to. Under this classification are two types only, that is, monitoring and production/ pumping wells. Production wells get made with comparatively bigger diameters in excess of 15 centimeters at times. Casing of the diameters is done using plastic, metal, and concrete among other materials. Pumping wells are for providing water for various uses.
Monitoring wells also go by the name piezometers. The diameters in these types of wells usually are comparatively much smaller. They find use in monitoring hydraulic head and in sampling groundwater for chemical analysis. Basing on the use of a well to classify it produces vague classifications because monitoring wells can be utilized as pumping wells and vice versa.
Contamination is often a major problem in wells, especially shallow ones. Wells may be contaminated by pathogens, chemicals or several other materials from different sources. Pathogen contaminants include fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria and they result from human or animal fecal materials. Fecal materials usually come from on-site sanitation systems like septic tanks and pit latrines.
Another common source of contamination is chemical contaminants. These originate from sewage, sewage sludge, and fertilizers in the form of nitrates. Others come from dry-cleaning and gasoline in the form of VOCs and pesticides while others come from airbag inflators and rocket fuel in form of perchlorate. Leaching also contaminates groundwater in wells with minerals. Some of the most commonly occurring mineral contaminants are arsenic, radon, lead, chromium VI, and uranium.
The history of wells is a long one. They have existed for almost as long as human beings. The first types were shallow and extended to short distances from the surface. However, as technology got better, methods of excavation became better too. Modern methods are very complex. They are more efficient, convenient, and simpler.
Classification of wells basing on the method used to excavate them places them into three main groups, that is, driven, dug, and drilled wells. The most traditional type is the dug wells. These wells are dug by hand and are more common in rural areas because they are inexpensive. Driven wells are more advanced and extend deeper than dug varieties.
Besides classifying wells according to the method of excavation, they can also be classified according to the type of aquifer they are located in. Under this classification, there are two main classes of wells, that is, shallow/unconfined and deep/confined wells. Wells that only extend to the topmost aquifer are called shallow while those that extend to deeper aquifers are called deep. Deeper aquifers are often located in between impermeable rock strata.
Another way of categorizing wells depends on the purpose the excavation is put to. Under this classification are two types only, that is, monitoring and production/ pumping wells. Production wells get made with comparatively bigger diameters in excess of 15 centimeters at times. Casing of the diameters is done using plastic, metal, and concrete among other materials. Pumping wells are for providing water for various uses.
Monitoring wells also go by the name piezometers. The diameters in these types of wells usually are comparatively much smaller. They find use in monitoring hydraulic head and in sampling groundwater for chemical analysis. Basing on the use of a well to classify it produces vague classifications because monitoring wells can be utilized as pumping wells and vice versa.
Contamination is often a major problem in wells, especially shallow ones. Wells may be contaminated by pathogens, chemicals or several other materials from different sources. Pathogen contaminants include fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria and they result from human or animal fecal materials. Fecal materials usually come from on-site sanitation systems like septic tanks and pit latrines.
Another common source of contamination is chemical contaminants. These originate from sewage, sewage sludge, and fertilizers in the form of nitrates. Others come from dry-cleaning and gasoline in the form of VOCs and pesticides while others come from airbag inflators and rocket fuel in form of perchlorate. Leaching also contaminates groundwater in wells with minerals. Some of the most commonly occurring mineral contaminants are arsenic, radon, lead, chromium VI, and uranium.
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