A boiler is a closed vessel that is used to heat fluids such as water. The fluid does not usually have to boil during the heating process. In such cases where the fluid does not actually boil, the term furnace is used more, especially in Sutton, WV. Heating the fluid produces high pressure steam used for various heating processes and applications. Among those applications for which the steam from commercial and industrial boilers is used include central heating, boiler-based power generation and water heating. It is also used for cooking and sanitation.
Today, the types of boilers being used are very many. The material used for manufacture depends on the type of boiler in question. The pressure vessel of the boiler is usually made from steel and its other alloys. Parts that come in contact with water are usually not made from stainless steel, especially stainless steels of austenitic types. The reason for this is because of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion.
Ferritic stainless steel finds use in making components that do not get wetted by water. In certain applications and smaller models, ease of fabrication of brass and copper makes them to be used. Copper has been used for a long time, but it is losing popularity because it is too expensive to be economical. Thus steel, being a cheaper alternative, is taking over. There are also applications where wrought iron and cast iron are still in use including making domestic water heaters.
Initially, various components of the equipment were joined through riveting. However, the 20th century saw steel become more preferable over wrought iron and welding started being used more over riveting. Welding is faster and cheaper because it requires less labor.
However, steal falls short in some aspects where wrought iron excels. To start with, the rate of corrosion in steel is much higher than in wrought iron. Secondly, vulnerability to stress corrosion and localized pitting is higher in devices made from steel than those made from this iron. Lastly, wrought iron devices are more durable than steel ones.
Various fuels are often used as sources of heat in a boiler. Some of the most commonly used sources of heat include oil, natural gas, coal, and wood. However, in more recent models due to technological advancements, electric steam models have been produced which rely on immersion-type and/or resistance heating elements. Nuclear fission is also gaining popularity in generation of steam for power generation purposes.
The use and manufacture of these devices needs to be done at high levels of safety. For that reason, there are organizations that set design specifications and regulate standards and codes followed in the industry. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is one such organization that provides rules and directives to ensure compliance in how pressure vessels are designed and produced.
Energy is effectively moved from one place to another by the steam generated from a boiler. However, such transfer of energy can only occur if the pipes are designed and made suitably. Otherwise, if the pipes burst or become compromised, they could lead to serious accidents. Such accidents lead to deaths and damage of property.
Today, the types of boilers being used are very many. The material used for manufacture depends on the type of boiler in question. The pressure vessel of the boiler is usually made from steel and its other alloys. Parts that come in contact with water are usually not made from stainless steel, especially stainless steels of austenitic types. The reason for this is because of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion.
Ferritic stainless steel finds use in making components that do not get wetted by water. In certain applications and smaller models, ease of fabrication of brass and copper makes them to be used. Copper has been used for a long time, but it is losing popularity because it is too expensive to be economical. Thus steel, being a cheaper alternative, is taking over. There are also applications where wrought iron and cast iron are still in use including making domestic water heaters.
Initially, various components of the equipment were joined through riveting. However, the 20th century saw steel become more preferable over wrought iron and welding started being used more over riveting. Welding is faster and cheaper because it requires less labor.
However, steal falls short in some aspects where wrought iron excels. To start with, the rate of corrosion in steel is much higher than in wrought iron. Secondly, vulnerability to stress corrosion and localized pitting is higher in devices made from steel than those made from this iron. Lastly, wrought iron devices are more durable than steel ones.
Various fuels are often used as sources of heat in a boiler. Some of the most commonly used sources of heat include oil, natural gas, coal, and wood. However, in more recent models due to technological advancements, electric steam models have been produced which rely on immersion-type and/or resistance heating elements. Nuclear fission is also gaining popularity in generation of steam for power generation purposes.
The use and manufacture of these devices needs to be done at high levels of safety. For that reason, there are organizations that set design specifications and regulate standards and codes followed in the industry. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is one such organization that provides rules and directives to ensure compliance in how pressure vessels are designed and produced.
Energy is effectively moved from one place to another by the steam generated from a boiler. However, such transfer of energy can only occur if the pipes are designed and made suitably. Otherwise, if the pipes burst or become compromised, they could lead to serious accidents. Such accidents lead to deaths and damage of property.
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